Raleigh Walking Tour

Shaw University, located in Raleigh, North Carolina, was established on December 1, 1865, by Henry Martin Tupper, a Union Army veteran and educator from Massachusetts[1][2]. Initially, it began as a theology class for recently emancipated individuals, aiming to teach them to read and interpret the Bible[1]. Over time, it evolved into the Raleigh Institute in 1866, then Shaw Collegiate Institute in 1870, and finally Shaw University in 1875, named after its benefactor Elijah Shaw[1][3].

One of the pivotal moments in Shaw's history was its role in pioneering education for Black students. It became the first institution in the South to train Black doctors and pharmacists in 1885[3]. Additionally, Shaw was the first HBCU to offer a four-year medical program and the first to open its doors to women[2]. The construction of Estey Hall in 1873 marked a significant milestone as it was the first dormitory in the U.S. dedicated to housing Black women[1][3].

The university's impact extended beyond education; it played a crucial role in social movements. For instance, Ella Baker held the founding meeting of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) at Shaw in 1960, highlighting the university's involvement in civil rights activism[2]. Despite facing challenges such as Ku Klux Klan threats, Shaw University persevered and continued to contribute significantly to the educational landscape for African Americans[3].

The Pope House Museum, located in downtown Raleigh, North Carolina, is a testament to the life and achievements of Dr. Manassa Thomas Pope, one of the first Black physicians licensed to practice in the state. Built in 1901, the house reflects the life of a prominent Black family during the early 20th century. Dr. Pope was not only a medical professional but also a civil rights activist and politician. He served in the Spanish-American War as part of an all-Black regiment and later became a candidate for City Council in 1919[1].

The house itself is a remarkable example of early 20th-century architecture, featuring a combination of gas and electric lighting fixtures, a call bell system, and a full bathroom on the second floor—luxuries for its time[2]. Dr. Pope also used the house to see patients, especially during his later years when his health was failing[2]. The Pope House Museum is now operated by the City of Raleigh and offers guided tours, showcasing the life and legacy of Dr. Pope and his family[1].

The preservation of the Pope House Museum began in earnest after it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999. The Pope Charitable Foundation initiated the process of turning the house into a museum, which was later sold to the City of Raleigh in 2011[2]. Today, the museum stands as a unique historical site, offering insights into the life of a pioneering Black family in Raleigh.

The Federal Building in Raleigh, North Carolina, is a historic landmark that was the first federal government project in the South following the Civil War. Construction began in 1874 and was completed in 1878 under the supervision of architect Alfred B. Mullett[1][2]. Initially, it housed local federal agencies, including the post office and the United States District Court[1].

In 1913, the building was doubled in size to accommodate the growing needs of the city. This expansion was necessary due to the rapid growth of Raleigh and the increasing demand for federal services. The renovation maintained the original architectural style while replicating many of its details[1][2].

Another significant expansion occurred between 1936 and 1938, when a third section was added to the west side of the building. This phase brought the total number of bays to thirteen, enhancing the building's functionality while preserving its Second Empire design[2]. Despite these changes, the building retains many of its original exterior features, including its distinctive mansard roof and granite-faced brick façade[2].

Today, the Federal Building serves as a post office and hosts the United States Bankruptcy Court, reflecting its enduring role in the community[1].

The Raleigh Banking and Trust Company Building, located at the southwest corner of Hargett and Fayetteville Streets in downtown Raleigh, North Carolina, has a rich history dating back to 1865. Initially, the bank occupied a brick Italianate building, which was later replaced in 1913 by a three-story Neo-Classical Revival structure designed by Philip Thornton Marye[1]. This new building was engineered to support future expansion, featuring load-bearing walls, an interior steel frame, and reinforced concrete floors[2].

In 1928, as Raleigh experienced significant growth, the bank's officers decided to add eight more floors, transforming the structure into an eleven-story office tower. The architectural and engineering firm H. A. Underwood Company designed the upper floors, which were constructed by John W. Hudson, Jr. between 1928 and 1929. This expansion not only increased the building's capacity but also enhanced its architectural appeal with the addition of a steel frame skeleton and brick veneer walls.

The completion of the building in September 1929 was noted for its contribution to Raleigh's skyline, marking a pivotal moment in the city's architectural history. The building housed various businesses, including insurance companies and the State Industrial Commission, reflecting its role as a hub for professional services in Raleigh.

The Odd Fellows Building in Raleigh, North Carolina, is a significant historical landmark located in the heart of the city's business district. Constructed in 1924, it was one of Raleigh's first tall office buildings, designed by the prominent architectural firm G. Lloyd Preacher and Co., Inc.[1][2]. The building's dedication on May 20, 1924, marked a pivotal moment for the city, as it reflected the aggressive spirit of the Odd Fellows organization in establishing a modern business center[1].

The dedication ceremony was a grand affair, featuring a festive parade led by a city police platoon and the North Carolina State College Band. The event highlighted the building's importance as a hub for professional offices and fraternal organizations, including the International Order of Odd Fellows, which occupied the top floors[1]. The building's design incorporated ritualistic symbols of the Odd Fellows fraternity, showcasing its unique cultural significance[2].

Over the years, the building has undergone significant renovations, including a major restoration between 1982 and 1986, which updated its interior and exterior features[1]. Today, it remains a notable part of Raleigh's historical landscape, hosting a variety of professional and non-profit organizations[2].

The Professional Building, located at 209 S. McDowell St. in Raleigh, North Carolina, is an eight-story Chicago-style office building that was completed in 1925. Commissioned by William Allen Erwin, it was part of a philanthropic effort, with rental proceeds benefiting the Chapel of the Cross in Chapel Hill, which Erwin had donated to the Episcopal Diocese[1]. The building's design features Beaux Arts terra cotta ornamentation, complemented by yellow vertical striated brick, creating a striking visual presence in downtown Raleigh[2].

Initially, the building was primarily leased to physicians and dentists, but it also housed various North Carolina corporations throughout its history[2]. The building's gala opening took place in December 1925, marking a significant moment in Raleigh's architectural and business landscape[1]. In 1983, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places, recognizing its architectural and historical significance[2]. Today, the building continues to serve as a hub for professional offices and retail tenants[2].

First Presbyterian Church in Raleigh, North Carolina, played a pivotal role in the state's history following the 1831 fire that destroyed the original State Capitol. Within twenty-four hours of the fire, the church offered its facilities to the state, and the North Carolina Supreme Court began meeting in the church's session house[1]. This arrangement continued until the completion of the new Capitol in 1840[1][2].

The church's swift response to the crisis was crucial, as it provided a necessary venue for the state's judicial proceedings. The decision to use the church was likely influenced by its central location and the availability of a large assembly space, which was also used for other significant events like the Constitutional Convention of 1835[1][2].

The church's role in hosting these important state functions highlights its significance as a community hub and a symbol of civic responsibility during that era. The physical structure of the church, including its session house, served as tangible evidence of its historical importance, even though the original building was eventually replaced[1].

Sacred Heart Church, located in Raleigh, North Carolina, was unexpectedly designated as the cathedral for the Diocese of Raleigh in December 1924. Initially, Vatican officials considered Wilmington or Asheville for the diocese's headquarters. However, Father Thomas Griffin, the pastor of Sacred Heart, successfully argued for a central location, persuading the Vatican to choose Raleigh[1][2].

The church, completed in late 1924, was not originally built to be a cathedral but became the spiritual center for Catholics in eastern North Carolina. It served as the mother church for 93 years, hosting numerous sacraments and ordinations[1][2].

The designation of Sacred Heart as a cathedral was a pivotal moment, reflecting the strategic importance of Raleigh as the state capital. Despite its small size, it played a significant role in the Catholic community until the construction of the Holy Name of Jesus Cathedral in 2017[3].

The North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, located in Raleigh, North Carolina, is renowned for its extensive natural history collections and exhibits. One of its most significant acquisitions was the "Dueling Dinosaurs," a fossilized specimen featuring a *Triceratops* and a *Tyrannosaurus* possibly locked in combat. This scientifically important find was first discovered in Montana in 2006 but faced challenges in being sold to museums or collectors due to legal issues over mineral rights[1].

The museum initiated negotiations to purchase the fossil in 2016, but these were delayed by disputes over mineral rights. It wasn't until 2020 that these issues were resolved, allowing the museum to finalize the acquisition. The purchase was facilitated by fundraising efforts led by the Friends of the North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences[2].

The Dueling Dinosaurs exhibit was officially opened to the public in 2024, housed in a dedicated display wing within the Nature Research Center. This exhibit not only showcases the museum's commitment to scientific research but also highlights its ability to secure and display significant natural history artifacts[3].

The North Carolina Museum of History, located in Historic Oakwood, Raleigh, is a premier institution for exploring the state's rich history. One of its notable events is the **American Revolution Lecture Series**, which delves into the pivotal moments of American history. This series, featuring speakers like Mike Duncan, provides in-depth insights into how the American Revolution shaped the nation's political landscape[1].

The lectures are part of the museum's broader mission to engage the public with historical narratives. By hosting such events, the museum fosters a deeper understanding of historical events and their ongoing impact. The series attracts both local and national interest, reflecting the museum's role as a hub for historical education and discussion.

The museum's commitment to historical education is evident in its diverse range of programs, which include lectures, exhibitions, and interactive sessions. These activities not only highlight significant historical events but also provide a platform for exploring the cultural and social contexts that have shaped North Carolina and the United States.

Physical evidence of historical significance, such as artifacts and documents, is preserved and displayed within the museum, offering tangible connections to the past. The museum's efforts in preserving and interpreting historical artifacts contribute to a broader understanding of the region's history and its relevance to contemporary society.

The North Carolina State Capitol, located in Raleigh, is a testament to resilience and architectural innovation. In 1831, the first State House, built in 1796, was destroyed by a fire while undergoing fireproofing[1][2]. This catastrophic event prompted the state legislature to fund a new facility on the same grounds. Construction of the current Capitol began in 1833 and was completed in 1840, featuring a Greek Revival design with a central dome rotunda[1][2].

The new building was designed by a team of architects, including William Nichols Sr. and Jr., Ithiel Town, Alexander Jackson Davis, and David Paton[1][2]. The Capitol housed the entire state government until 1888 and the General Assembly until 1961[1]. Today, it serves as the office for the Governor and Lieutenant Governor, hosting official events like bill signings and oath ceremonies[1].

The building's design reflects neoclassical influences, with marble interiors and exterior columns inspired by ancient Greek temples[1]. The rotunda features a replica of Antonio Canova's statue of George Washington, which was destroyed in the 1831 fire[1]. The Capitol's preservation and restoration efforts, including a recent roof replacement, highlight its enduring historical significance[1].

The North Carolina Supreme Court has been a cornerstone of the state's judicial system since its establishment in 1818. Initially, the court held sessions in the State Capitol in Raleigh, but after a fire destroyed the Capitol in 1831, it temporarily relocated to the First Presbyterian Church[1]. The court's history took a significant turn with the construction of the Justice Building, which began with funding from the North Carolina General Assembly and a grant from the Public Works Administration in 1938[2].

The Justice Building, located at 2 East Morgan Street, was officially opened on September 4, 1940, and has since served as the permanent home of the Supreme Court. This building not only provided a stable venue for the court but also symbolized the state's commitment to its judicial system. The physical structure of the Justice Building remains a testament to the architectural style of its time, reflecting the era's emphasis on grand public buildings.

The Supreme Court's role in shaping North Carolina's legal landscape is evident in its decisions and the landmark appointments that have marked its history, such as the election of Susie Marshall Sharp and the appointment of Henry E. Frye[1]. These events highlight the court's evolution and its impact on the state's legal and social fabric.

First Baptist Church in Raleigh, North Carolina, played a significant role during the American Civil War. Organized in 1812, the church had grown substantially by the time the war began[1]. In the early years of the conflict, the church's basement was converted into a makeshift factory where essential supplies like mattresses, uniforms, and haversacks were produced for Confederate troops[2]. Additionally, the church's steeple bell was donated to the War Department in 1862 to be melted down for cannon production[2].

Following the Battle of Bentonville in March 1865, the church basement briefly served as a hospital for Confederate soldiers[2]. These actions highlight the church's involvement in supporting the war effort and providing aid during critical times.

The church's Gothic Revival building, completed in 1859, remains a prominent landmark in Raleigh. Its design and construction were overseen by Richmond architect William Percival, featuring a striking 160-foot spire[2]. Despite the challenges faced during the war, the church continued to serve as a central gathering place for the community.

Today, remnants of the church's past can still be seen, including the sturdy basement walls from the original structure[1]. These physical remnants serve as a reminder of the church's enduring presence and historical significance in Raleigh.

Marbles Kids Museum, located in downtown Raleigh's Moore Square district, opened its doors on September 29, 2007. This event marked a pivotal moment in the city's cultural development, transforming a former Exploris Museum and School into a vibrant children's museum[1][2]. The museum's opening was highlighted by the unveiling of a three-story wooden pirate ship, known as The Blue Marble, which was built through a community effort led by David Maurer of Maurer Architecture[1]. This exhibit set the tone for Marbles' focus on interactive learning environments.

The pirate ship's creation involved numerous designers and builders working together, demonstrating the power of community collaboration in creating unique attractions[1]. Marbles quickly became a staple attraction in Raleigh, offering over a dozen exhibits and a 3D-capable IMAX theater, which is the only one of its kind in the state[2]. The museum's success is also attributed to its role as a major public events center, hosting conferences and corporate events[3].

The opening of Marbles Kids Museum was a result of strategic planning and community engagement, reflecting the city's efforts to revitalize its cultural scene. The museum's design and exhibits were intentionally crafted to foster early childhood learning through play, setting a standard for future developments[1][2].

City Cemetery, established in 1798 as Raleigh's first public burying ground, is a historic site with significant architectural and social importance[1][2]. One pivotal event that impacted the cemetery was a fire on October 25, 1930, which destroyed the municipal auditorium and, more critically, all burial records for City Cemetery and Mt. Hope Cemetery[3]. This loss meant that no further burial lots could be sold, as there was no way to determine lot boundaries[3].

The fire's aftermath led to a significant change in how the cemetery was managed. By the early 1970s, the City's Parks, Recreation, and Cultural Resources Department took over maintenance responsibilities, implementing a regular maintenance program and developing a long-range improvement plan[3]. Despite these efforts, the cemetery faced challenges such as vandalism and vagrancy throughout the 1970s and 1980s[3]. Volunteer groups like the Raleigh Junior Women's Club contributed to restoration efforts, highlighting the community's commitment to preserving this historical site[3].

Physical evidence of the cemetery's history remains, including its Neoclassical grave markers and the cast-iron fence relocated from Capitol Square in 1898[1][2]. These features reflect both the architectural influences of the time and the community's efforts to preserve its heritage.

The State Bank of North Carolina, located in Raleigh, is a historic landmark that has witnessed significant events throughout its history. One notable event was its relocation in 1968. The North Carolina National Bank, a predecessor of Bank of America, purchased the building and moved it 100 feet to make room for an addition to Christ Episcopal Church's parish facility[1]. This relocation not only preserved the building but also ensured its continued use as a banking facility.

The decision to move the building was part of a broader effort to maintain historical structures while accommodating modern needs. The State Bank's original construction in 1813 was a response to the War of 1812, when cash was moved inland to avoid potential British attacks[2]. This strategic move underscored the bank's role in securing state funds during times of conflict.

Today, the State Bank building is owned by the State Employees Credit Union and continues to serve as a bank, reflecting its enduring importance in Raleigh's financial history[3].

The Richard B. Haywood House, located at 127 East Edenton Street in Raleigh, North Carolina, is a historic residence that played a pivotal role during the Civil War. Completed in 1854, it is one of the few antebellum buildings still standing in Raleigh[1]. In April 1865, following the surrender of Confederate troops, the house became the headquarters of Major General Francis Preston Blair Jr.[1][2]. It was here that Dr. Richard B. Haywood, General Blair, and General William Tecumseh Sherman shared a toast to the end of the war[1][2].

The house's significance extends beyond its historical events. It is a prime example of Greek Revival architecture, featuring a finely detailed front porch supported by four fluted Doric columns[1]. Despite being surrounded by state government buildings and parking lots, the Haywood House has been preserved thanks to the efforts of the Haywood family. In the 1980s, the family successfully resisted state plans to relocate the house, ensuring it remains on its original site[1][2]. Today, it stands as a testament to the enduring legacy of the Haywood family and its role in American history.

The Marshall-Harris-Richardson House, located in Raleigh's Oakwood Historic District, is a notable example of Queen Anne architecture in North Carolina. Built around 1900 by Joel K. Marshall, the house was originally situated on N. Blount Street but faced demolition due to urban development[1][2]. In 1985, it was relocated to its current site at 116 N. Person Street to save it from destruction[2].

This relocation was a significant event in preserving the house's historical integrity. The move was necessary to protect the structure, reflecting the community's commitment to preserving its architectural heritage. The house features a steeply pitched roof with projecting gables and a one-story hip-roofed front porch, showcasing its Late Queen Anne style[1][2].

The decision to relocate the house was likely influenced by its historical significance and architectural uniqueness. The house's preservation is part of broader efforts to maintain Raleigh's historical landmarks[1][2].

The North Carolina Executive Mansion, located in Raleigh, is a historic residence that has served as the home for every governor of North Carolina since its completion in 1891[1][2]. One of the most intriguing aspects of its construction is the use of prison labor. Designed by architects Samuel Sloan and Adolphus Gustavus Bauer, the mansion was built using labor from prisoners at the North Carolina Central Prison, supervised by Colonel William J. Hicks[1].

The decision to use prison labor was part of a broader program at the prison, which involved leasing prisoners for various state projects, including road and railroad construction[1]. This approach not only provided labor but also supplied bricks for major state buildings in Raleigh, with many of the bricks in the mansion's sidewalk bearing the signatures of the prisoners who made them.

The use of prison labor reflects the economic and social conditions of the time, highlighting the complex history surrounding the mansion's construction. Despite the controversy, the mansion remains a significant architectural landmark, showcasing the Queen Anne style with its turrets, porches, and multicolored slate roof.

Governor Daniel G. Fowle was the first to inhabit the mansion, moving in before all work was finished, only to pass away two months later. The mansion has since been a symbol of civic community and history, with ongoing renovations and preservation efforts to maintain its integrity[1][2].

The Garland Scott and Toler Moore Tucker House, located in Raleigh, North Carolina, is a historic residence built in 1914. This Southern Colonial Revival-style house was home to the Tucker family for many years. One pivotal event in its history was a fire that occurred in the 1930s, which damaged the property significantly[1][2].

The fire necessitated extensive restoration efforts to preserve the house's original architecture. Despite this setback, the Tucker family continued to reside there until Mrs. Tucker's passing in 1974[2]. The house's design, featuring stately columns and a sprawling mahogany staircase, reflects the Neo-Classical Revival style popular during its construction era[1].

The restoration process likely involved careful decisions to maintain the house's original character while addressing the damage caused by the fire. This event highlights the resilience of the Tucker family and their commitment to preserving their home. Today, the house remains a notable landmark in Raleigh, occasionally used for community events such as wedding receptions[1].

The Merrimon-Wynne House, built in 1876 by Augustus S. Merrimon, a prominent jurist and Chief Justice of North Carolina's Supreme Court, originally stood on N. Wilmington Street in Raleigh[1][2]. This historic home was not only a residence but also served as a centerpiece of a park-like setting. Over the years, the house changed hands several times, notably being sold to A.F. and Lula B. Page in 1899, and later deeded to Peace College in 1919, where it became known as "Wynne Hall" and served as a dormitory until 1934[3][2].

In the early 1970s, the state acquired the house and converted it into office space, a role it maintained for over three decades[2]. However, the most significant event in its recent history was its relocation in 2008. The Blount Street Commons development group purchased the house and moved it to its current site at the corner of Blount and Polk streets, a location that also marks the birthplace of Dr. Jane McKimmon, a leader in home demonstration and adult education[1][2].

Following its relocation, the house underwent a significant renovation. In 2013, Heyens Hospitality purchased the property and transformed it into a wedding and special event venue, preserving its historical charm while adapting it to a new purpose[1]. This transformation ensured its continued relevance in the community.

The Lewis-Smith House, a historic Greek Revival dwelling in Raleigh, North Carolina, was built between 1854 and 1856 by Dr. Augustus M. Lewis[1][2]. It is notable for its architectural blend, featuring a two-tier pedimented entrance portico with paired Doric and Ionic columns[1]. In the early 20th century, the house received additions, including two-story demi-octagonal projecting bays[1].

In the early 1970s, as part of the state government center development, much of the surrounding area was cleared, leaving the Lewis-Smith House isolated[2]. Despite efforts to preserve it on its original site, the house was moved to Blount Street in June 1974 to save it from demolition[2]. This relocation was a significant event, as it preserved one of the few remaining antebellum structures in downtown Raleigh[2]. The move was accomplished without damaging the house's architectural integrity, and it was placed on a new foundation that maintained its original appearance[2].

The relocation of the Lewis-Smith House highlights the challenges faced by historical preservation efforts in the face of urban development. It also underscores the importance of preserving architectural heritage, as the house remains a valuable example of Greek Revival architecture in the region[2].

The North Carolina State Legislative Building, located in Raleigh, is a significant structure in the state's governance history. It was first occupied by the General Assembly on February 6, 1963, marking a pivotal moment in the transition from the historic State Capitol[1][2]. The building was designed by Edward Durrell Stone and the North Carolina firm Holloway & Reeves, featuring a modern yet historically influenced design with copper-covered pyramidal roofs and a terrazzo mosaic of the Great Seal of North Carolina[1][2].

The construction of the Legislative Building was a response to the need for a dedicated space for the legislative branch, as the State Capitol had housed all government functions until 1888 and the legislature until 1961[1]. The building's design incorporated elements like indoor and outdoor gardens, committee rooms, and a colonnade, reflecting a blend of functionality and aesthetics[1].

The transition to the new building was facilitated by a legislative commission formed in 1959, which oversaw the acquisition of land, hiring of architects, and budget allocation for the project[1]. The total cost was $5.5 million, a significant investment for the state at the time[1]. The building's opening marked a new era in North Carolina's legislative history, providing a modern and efficient space for lawmakers to convene and make decisions affecting the state[1][2].

William Peace University, located in Historic Oakwood, Raleigh, North Carolina, has a rich history dating back to its founding in 1857 as Peace Institute. Initially, it was a women's college, but in 2012, the institution made a pivotal decision to become co-educational. This transition marked a significant shift in the university's mission and identity.

The decision to go co-educational was driven by the need to adapt to changing educational trends and to increase enrollment. The university's leadership recognized that offering a co-educational environment would attract a broader student body and enhance the overall educational experience.

The transition involved significant planning and restructuring. New facilities were developed to accommodate the increased student population, and academic programs were expanded to cater to a diverse range of students. The change also led to the introduction of new sports teams and extracurricular activities.

The impact of this decision was profound. Enrollment increased, and the campus became more vibrant with a mix of male and female students. The university's reputation as a dynamic and inclusive educational institution was solidified, attracting students from across the region.

Today, William Peace University continues to thrive as a co-educational institution, offering a wide range of academic programs and extracurricular activities. The physical evidence of this transition can be seen in the modern facilities and diverse student body that now characterize the campus.